RURAL COMMUNITIES
COMMUNITY: is a social organization that is "territorially localized and through which its members satisfy most of their daily needs and deal with most of their common problems. (Olsen, 1968).
RURAL-URBAN COMMUNITY DICHOTOMY
Communities can be classified according to FUNCTION and SPECIALIZATION. Some sociologist have related the RURAL community to familistic GEMEINSCHAFT and the URBAN community to the contractual GESSELCHAFT. Among the indices used by sociologist to show rural-urban differences are occupations, size, and density of population, homogeneity or heterogeneity of culture, social differentiation and stratification, social mobility, type of social interaction and solidarity.
RURAL CULTURE and SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Rural communities are not alike, but they have some common features-small, and people are engaged in agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining, food gathering, and cottage industries. The residents are referred as PEASANTS- rural folks who produce their own food for subsistence and sell their surplus in the towns and cities. They are the source of labor and goods for the landlords and officials of the state. PEASANTRY is associated with commercialization. Peasants differ from farmers in industrialized societies who rely upon the market to exchange crops for almost all the goods and services they need (Ember and Ember, 1977)
RURAL COMMUNITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
The Philippines is divided into 16 administrative regions, 79 provinces, 113 cities, 1,496 municipalities, and 41,994 barangays. As of 2000, 52.4% lived in the rural and 47.6% in the urban. The Philippines is "a land of barrios" (Gelia Castillo, 1979) and these barrios are considered the "backbone of the nation" because they provide urban areas with food and raw materials for industry.
SPATIAL PATTERS OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMUNITIES
Nucleated type: shown in the poblacion with the agglomated barrios.
Dispersed type: consists of a cluster of sitios where houses are dispersed along the rivers or in the middle of the field.
FAMILY
-Bilateral with close ties usually maintained with both sides of the family. The couple can choose where to reside after marriage. Hence, in terms of residence the family is either biliocal or neolocal.
-Familistic relations and there is a strong dependence on the family. KIN relationship is characterized by traditional obligations and expectations.
Traditional Practices:
1. Serenading-a traditional practice to court a girl that is gradually disappearing.
2. Chaperoning- still observed, as CHASTITY is a trait highly valued among unmarried women.
3. Dowry (bigay-kaya)- may consist of money, a piece of land, or a gift by the man to the girl’s parents.
ECONOMY
The 2000 Philippine Census counts the total population at 88,574,614.
Calabarzon, NCR, and Central Luzon comprise more than one-third of total population
By region, Calabarzon (Region IV-A) had the largest population with 11.74 million, followed by the National Capital Region (NCR) with 11.55 million, and Central Luzon (Region III) with 9.72 million. The combined population of these three regions comprised more than one-third (37.3 percent) of the Philippine population.
Twelve regions have growth rates lower than the national figure
Twelve of the country's 17 administrative regions have growth rates lower than the national figure. The other five regions had higher growth rates, namely, NCR (2.11%), Region III (2.36%), Region IV-A (3.21%), Region XII (2.41%), and ARMM (5.46%).
Cavite's 2.86 million population tops other provinces
Among provinces, Cavite had the largest population with 2.86 million. Bulacan was second with 2.83 million, and Pangasinan came in third, with 2.65 million.
Five other provinces surpassed the two million mark: Laguna (2.47 million persons); Cebu, excluding its three highly urbanized cities - Cebu City, Lapu-lapu City, and Mandaue City (2.44 million persons); Negros Occidental, excluding Bacolod City (2.37 million persons); Rizal (2.28 million persons); and Batangas (2.25 million persons)
On the other hand, three provinces reportedly had less than 100 thousand population, namely, Batanes (16 thousand persons); Camiguin (81 thousand persons); and Siquijor (88 thousand persons).
Four highly urbanized cities (HUCs) record more than one million population
Of the 32 highly urbanized cities (HUCs), only four had qualified for the Millionaires Club. Three of such HUCs were in the NCR: Quezon City (2.68 million), Manila (1.66 million), and Caloocan City (1.38 million). The other HUC which qualified for the Millionaires Club was Davao City with a population of 1.36 million.
*The FARMERS are the poorest in the country, and there is a large economic gap between the farmers and non-farmers.
COOPERATIVES
Encarnacion, (1992) these are rural organizations to improve the plight of the farmers in the countryside.
Factors for successful cooperative:
1. Business orientation
2. Diversification in activities
3. Leadership
4. Sufficient internally generated funds
5. Correct policy environment
URBAN COMMUNTIES
National Census and Statistics Office (NCSO) defines urban areas on the basis of size and population density. The Local Government Code (1991) refers to urban areas as cities and government centers in municipalities labeled as POBLACION- an area of not less than 5000 square meters where the government center is located.
URBANIZATION- the process of concentrating people within a relatively small geographic area and related to social change and growth.
Demographic Perspective: it refers to an increase in the number and size of the population centers.
Anthropologist Perspective: it involves the transfer of tribal, peasant, and other rural populations to urban-styles.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Ancient: Mesopotamia, India, Egypt, China
Classical: Greece and Rome
Medieval: Italy, France, Spain
Modern: England
WORLD Centers: London, New York, Seoul, Los Angeles, Frankfurt, Paris and Singapore.
URBANIZATION in DEVELOPING COUNRIES
Urbanization has taken place in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A number of cities were founded as a result of colonialism and imperialism in order to serve as administrative centers and source of raw materials for the colonial power. Unlike the industrialized societies of the West, these developing countries are dominantly agricultural and are in a stage of transition to an industrial economy.
URBANIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Factors for Urbanization (Bautista, 1998)
1. The attractiveness of urban life strengthened the stream of migration from the rural areas.
2. The existence of social networks in the migrant destination
3. Natural increase
URBAN CULTURE and SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Bautista, 1998: posits that the culture in urban communities- norms, language, values, and feelings
URBAN ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES
-Concentration- it refers to population increase in a given area, as determined by population density.
THE METROPOLITAN REGION
THE GROWTH OF METROPOLITAN MANILA
THE URBAN FAMILY
WORK IN THE INDUSTRIAL URBAN SETTING
Of the 24,525,000 workers composing the labor force in 1990, 15.1 million , or 62% were in the rural areas and 9.3 million or 38% were in the Urban. (NSCB, 1991) Of those in the urban labor force, 8.3 million or 9% were employed and 1 M at were unemployed.
Urbanization in ancient, classical, medieval and modern times have the same concept when it comes to their meanings. As I have noticed, urbanization started from Africa, Asia, and Latin America which really explains how the people react to their own surroundings/countries. Many reasons have affected the community of different countries because of this. That's why the urbanization in the Philippines focused more on migration in rural areas. The lesson I have learned from this was that more than a million people wanted to migrate to another places/countries was just to find a job vacancy where they can sustain their family needs.
ReplyDeleteUrbanization is very interesting. It's funny how countries get urbanized because of them seeing different things that are "new" or "amazing" to their eyes.
ReplyDeleteFilipinos are one of the most people who migrate in different countries. Due to the "attraction" or as I have said, "new" or "amazing" things to their eyes, Filipinos tend to migrate in other countries.
I think there's no stop in urbanization as long as HUMAN has its decision to choose what they want and to have wants. As long as theirs wants, it'll be followed or achieved.
-Melissa Balaccua
Mesopotamia, China, India, and Egypt all developed into urban communities. All of these civilizations had a certain feature in common. They grew up along rivers. Instead of wondering around gathering food and hunting, they settled near rivers where they gathered resources and waited for them to grow again season after season, they used their locations wisely and created cities. Thus starting civilization.
ReplyDeleteMesopotamia lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. They discovered irrigation which grew their plantation and other agricultural products. India settled along Indus river, they also relied on farming and agriculture but they domesticated animals which they used later in trading. Egypt lied along Nile river, they controlled the river by building dams which was used in their agriculture. China had settled in the Yellow River, they specialized in pottery, wheels, silk and farming. During the classical period, India developed trading and introduced the caste system which described many features of their society. Buddhism and Hinduism are the two religions which marked classical India. China had Confucianism, the teachings and values of Confucianism that were so strong that they have lasted throughout the centuries of Chinese history and is still well-known today. But Christianity somehow affected China which taught them that men and women are equal. Egypt at this time was functioning well until regionally based power centers emerged which made things complicated for them. As for the medieval period, the natures of the religions, cultures, and histories of the Hindu and Muslim communities were stressed in India. Ancient India was identified with Hindu rule, and the medieval period was identified with Muslim rule. For China, they were enjoying a higher standard of living. China was flourishing, producing new art, science, and literary works. During the modern age, India was under control by the British Empire, they were under war. Leaders like Mahatama Gandhi rose to fight against the British cruelties on Indian people. The modern age brought shifts in the religion of China. Two thousand years of dynastic rule gave way to nationalists and communist governments. Later, religious organizations were persecuted and many temples and works of art were destroyed. But after all these, China was getting threatened by western countries. They experienced surplus labor which pressured the economy. Add that to the governments corruption which made the disturbances even more severe. Egypt was having the same problem as India, overthrowing the British Empire. Egypt collapsed and fell due to debt to European powers. United Kingdom controlled Egypt's government in 1882. However, due to constant revolts, Egypt reclaimed its independence in 1922.
Settling in a single location, building a city, taking advantage of its resources and enhancing livelihood proved to be the reasons on how these major urban communities developed.
- ZABALA, PATRICK VINCENT B. (CN:45)
SOCI103 I31
How about the religion?
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