What is urbanization? What does it done to our world? Urbanization is the process of the growth from rural land to an urban area whereby it becomes a city and also the society becomes more urban in disposition. It is also affects the industrialization of a certain place where it develops and progress their economy by the use of natural resources in their scope or boundary. Also the migration of the people increases because of many opportunities and jobs to have.
The urban community or the urbanization started is the Messopotamia where the rural communities combined themselves to create an urban or a city wherein they get their resources in the surroundings or their scope. As the time passes by, the development of the different countries and their people prosper as they discover new ways on how to create some things/ways in order to make their own resources and also creating their social organization, having their own rulers and workers/human participation to build up the economy and the urbanization. The population in the cities had increased because of the immigrants had the opportunities to work and to have adequate life. Until these development leads to the progression of the religion, literature, road system, different organizations and other things we have today.
As I study and analyse the Historical Perspective of the Urban communities from the ancient to the present (modern), I learned that it has develop in many ways and also its industrialization. The way they carry out their tasks in their community, on how they progress in the later time. I also observe on how they live differently and the change of the immigrants or the population of the area. And by this we have now the modern urban community after all the different stages and still progressing in the future.
Urbanization refers to the transfer of people from rural to urban areas and involves the internalization of urban lifestyle. Urbanization develops from ancient to modern. I can say that what we have today is the result of what we had in the past and base on my analysis there is a big difference in urbanization today.
From ancient to medieval period, cities became the center of trading. It is also the time where cities serve as defense and refugee center. Growth in population, migration and focus of people in cities and changes in economic system is all because of industrial revolution at that time which I can say is one of the greatest factors in development on Urbanization in ancient. In other hand, as the industries grow, the demands of people also increases which causes a bad effect in the nature because all the materials needed in building cities came from the environment. Industrialization may be a good start in building cities but not a good idea since it may destroy the environment. While in modern period, industrialization like in England was made even better resulting on better social developments between other urban centers. I can say that cities in modern time adopted the way industrialization develops in ancient and there were more opportunities for people living that time.
There may be different factors to consider how Urbanization develops in different cities around the world. As I can see today, cities were more into capitalism. There were many buildings representing the improvements that one city have in terms of entrepreneurship.
Are you wondering how urban communities are greater in number than the rural one and when it is started? First let us define what urban area and urbanization are. An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration.
Most of the developing countries like Latin America, Asia and Africa have taken place Urbanization. The earliest cities become visible in the ancient time about 5-6 thousand years ago specifically in Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq), Northwest India in Indus River Valley (West Pakistan), Egypt, and Yellow River basin in China. The cities in the medieval and ancient times served as a refugee and defense centers produced from violence and war. The feudal lords had taken control to it. It also served as trading and manufacturing centers. The growth of industrialization also begun, the demand of nonrenewable raw materials increased in number and fossil oil lessened next to the quick deforestation resulting to different pollutions in air and water. The urban developments have different aspects which include the transportation and road progress, commercialization and agricultural improvement, infrastructure technology and appearance of factory system including the industrial construction from steam power. The manifestation of cities marks a revolutionary change and the start of civilization.
As the world begun, change is the only thing that is permanent in humanity. Urbanization for me is one of the great things that happened in history. With this, central business districts are built and developed. These infrastructures correspond to technological advancement. However, these modernized centers present a good service that catches the attention of the rural communities which made the rural people migrate in the urban area. Through this, rural communities are lessen in number and became less progressive in terms of advancement in technology and development.
Sources: SOCIOLOGY focus on the Philippines 4th edition by Isabel Panopio and Adelisa Raymundo (www.wikipedia.com)
Urbanization is a very broad topic to deal with. Urbanization is the movement of population from rural to urban areas and the result in increasing proportion of a population that resides in urban rather than rural places in which the people of the rural places believes that residing in urban places will improve their ways of living. Without having a clear knowledge about this they would grab the risk of residing in an urban place. With today’s way of living I can’t imagine how our ancestors survive with their insufficient technology whereas today people’s way of living depends to technology most of the time.
For all we know, people will find their own way them to survive, they gathered plants, fished, and hunted animal, our ancestors could never find sufficient food in a certain area to sustain themselves for an extended period of time. Consequently, they had to keep moving until they could find another place in which they must settle temporarily in order to survive. As technology improves such as simple tools and information on how to farm and raise animals allowed people to settle in one place. However, humans developed such innovations as irrigation. These developments allowed farmers to produce an excess of food beyond their immediate needs resulting surplus of food led some people to make their ways of living like making pottery, weaving, and engaging in other non-agricultural activities that they could sell or exchange with others for the surplus food to increase their income. As a result, people moved off the farms, commerce developed.
For me, urbanization results to different things such as overpopulation to a country because people with different nationality migrate to seek for a job that will make uplift their situation of living. The farms became a village nowadays which in fact can be a source of income for farmers.
URBANIZATION IN A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE What does urbanization mean? The English term 'urbanization' has two distinct senses or meanings: 1: the condition of being urbanized; 2: the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban Archaeologists and historians have long been keenly interested in the emergence of early cities and states in the ancient Near East, particularly in the growth of early Sumerian civilization in the lowlands of Mesopotamia during the second half of the fourth millennium B.C. For thousand years, southern Mesopotamia was home of hunters, fishers, and farmers, exploiting fertile soil, rivers, and abundant animals. The largest settlement in southern Mesopotamia was Uruk. Uruk is a city dominated by monumental mud-brick buildings decorated with mixture of painted clay cones implanted in the walls. In Asia, cities were formed in Northwest India in the Indus River Valley (present-day West Pakistan) and in the Yellow River basin in China about 2500 BC. Cities Developed in Europe about 2300 BC and the 1900 BC, with Rome as the greatest city. In the New World, cities emerged about 300 BC in Central Mexico. Urban development in the West, especially in England, was brought about by several factors, including: improvements in the transportation, roads, and canals; agricultural innovations and commercialization; the emergence of the factory system with industrial production derived from steam power; and infrastructure technology. As a result, contacts between urban centers and the hinterlands improved, markets were expanded, activities became highly specialized, and migration to the cities was encouraged. The innovations prompted a change in the structure of social organizations, which had to be extended beyond that of family and kin. The world has been urbanizing rapidly for a long time and shows every sign for it to continue. More than 40 percent of the world's populations today are urban dwellers. Dramatic urbanization over the past two or three decades has been concentrated in the developing countries, where the urban population has been expanding at twice the rate observed in the countryside In fact, the world's biggest cities have increasingly been in the developing nations, and population concentrations in such urban centers as Mexico City, Sao Paulo, and Shanghai have reached extraordinary levels The rapid growth of cities and their large sizes not- withstanding, the urban share of total population in the developing countries as a whole is less than one-third, compared with more than three-fourths in industrial market economies. Furthermore, the current pace of urbanization in developing countries is not unprecedented: the urban population in some of today's advanced economies grew even faster in the past. For the conclusion. Growth and development are two distinct matters. Whereas growth refers to the quantitative expansion of the regional economic system, in terms of greater and growing productive capacity, development is essentially “an innovative process leading to the structural transformation of social systems” (Friedman 1973). In this regard, it can be hypothesized that a well-formulated urban development and associated policy could induce economic growth Reference: The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Early Mesopotamian Civilization by Guillermo Algaze; An Overview of Urban Growth: Problems, Policies, and Evaluation by George S. Tolley and Vinod Thomas;
Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities.In short, it is a state of being or becoming a community with urban characteristics.
During the ancient times, the urbanization had started in the Iraq which is the ancient world of mesopotamia. The cities before served as the defense and the refuge centers as well as trading center, in which through trading they can settle their needs by earning some money. As of now, in the time of modern, the urban communities, especially in the West, had established several factors like the improvement of the transportation and roads, the inventation of thechnologies, emergence of the factory and builidng some buildings like the malls. In terms of the environment, I can say that during the ancient times, the environment is peaceful and there is no pollution while during now in the modern times, the environment had change, the cleanliness had turned into a pollution because of the factories. So many things had change now in the modern times. I observed that the cities now had been the center of concerts, plays, and other social activities. Since then, cities have grown rapidly.
I had analyzed that the urban community from ancient to modern had change in so many ways because before the urban community before is simple while the urban community in the modern is more civilize and high tech. Also, the population in the urban communities in the modern times had increased because of the opportunities they have like searching for a job. As time passes by, there are new ways had implemented and many things to discover and invented.
Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration. Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing. The urban community or the urbanization started is the Messopotamia where the rural communities combined themselves to create an urban or a city wherein they get their resources in the surroundings or their scope. Industrialization may be a good start in building cities but not a good idea since it may destroy the environment. While in modern period, industrialization like in England was made even better resulting on better social developments between other urban centers. As I study and analyze the Historical Perspective of the urban communities from the ancient to the present (modern), that the development from rural to urban is very rapid because in the urban a lot of opportunities is available than the rural that why I think most of the in rural is transferring in the urban cities.
Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities. Historically, it has been closely connected with industrialization. When more and more inanimate sources of energy were used to enhance human productivity, surpluses increased in both agriculture and industry. Larger and larger proportions of a population could live in cities. Economic forces were such that cities became the ideal places to locate factories and their workers. Our present way of living is the result of what our ancestors had in the past.
It was started during the ancient times. It is said that these urbanization are a recent development considering that humans exist on earth for about a million years or more. High competition for survival can be also a factor why this development in urbanization started. We all know that during the ancient times, people live to survive; they need to move from one place to another to find their food which is I think resulted to exchange of their resources with other people and later resulted to more development in their way of living like agricultural innovations and commercialization and development in technologies. As a result, markets were expanded, activities became highly specialized and migration to cities was encouraged. These innovations trigger the change in the structure of social organizations. Other development includes the existence of more complex social organizations.
For me, survival is has a big role in the development of urbanizations. Our present way of living is highly influenced by this urbanization that was started by our ancestors and as time passes by, more developments and competitions will occur.
Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities. Historically, it has been closely connected with industrialization. When more and more inanimate sources of energy were used to enhance human productivity (industrialization), surpluses increased in both agriculture and industry. Larger and larger proportions of a population could live in cities. Economic forces were such that cities became the ideal places to locate factories and their workers. Environment and Urbanization aims to provide an effective means for the exchange of research findings, ideas and information in the fields of human settlements and environment among researchers, activists and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in low- and middle-income nations and between these and researchers, international agency staff, students and teachers in high-income nations. E&U is one of the world’s most highly ranked environmental and urban studies journals.
The ancient period is the basic foundation of our present society. Ancient civilizations made significant contributions to today's modern society. Some other contributions of the ancient civilization are Calendars, Hammurabi's code laid the ground work for out laws today, Construction techniques, Farming, types of government, pottery. New ideas and inventions of ancient civilizations were important, but how they evolved and led to new and more complex ideas and inventions are imperative to our society today. There are a plethora of contributions that early civilizations have made to today's society. For instance, the Phoenicians are the originators of the alphabet that we use today in the United States. Additionally, the advances and innovations that Egypt made have greatly assisted our society. Egypt came up with a fantastic political system. Furthermore, Egypt also improved the wheel by altering it. First and foremost, one of the greatest contributions to society is the alphabet that we use today. The Asiatics, Phoenicians, and Greeks all contributed and revised their writing systems to give us our present day alphabet. Without a way to write, we would still be using symbols and pictures to tell stories. These ancient civilizations had fantastic writing systems, and because of this, today, we also do. From the medieval period, let me suggest what I think are the things that originated that have been most important in shaping the modern ages. I could jump at the obvious ones, and say that probably the most important contribution of medieval period was freedom, equality, constitutional law, the dignity of labor, and the people power. These five things are very useful in our present society. In conclusion, over time these advancements brought people into a more efficient living environment, allowing for higher population and spread of cultural, political, economic, and social ideals over large geographical areas. Without the alphabet and our government I could not picture society being the same as it is today. Src: http://archaeology.about.com/od/ancientcivilizations/Ancient_Civilizations.htm
Urbanization is the social process whereby the cities and towns grow bigger and it is where more people go to live. Lot of changes happen from ancient up to modern. As what I can see today, there is a big difference from the past to .the urbanization today.
Urbanization began in ancient Mesopotamia in the Uruk Period (4300-3100 BCE) as a particularly wealthy and efficient village attracted the attention of less prosperous tribes who then attached themselves to the successful settlement. This process gave rise to the heavily populated area which came to be known as cities. Cities became the center of trading, in which through this they can resolve their needs. As time goes by, in modern period, lots of changes have been made such us improvement of buildings, transportation and even technology. People’s demands increases which I can say is one that causes a bad effect. As what I can see nowadays, cities became worst than the ancient time. Invented technology causes the area polluted. It may be a good start to build a better city but somewhat a bad idea in the environment.
For me, the urbanization of any ancient city has the best advantage of being seen through our modern day eyes. I could say that somehow modern day has advantages but for me ancient city is better than today. No pollution from cars and factory, lesser population and more organized place. I think modern city may change and grow better than before.
What is urbanization? Urbanization is the rapid and massive growth of, and migration to, large cities. It is also a social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban.
During the ancient times, people have hardships in many things but they discover about industrialization and it develops the cities. But because of it, it destroys the nature because they are getting their resources on it. While in the modern time, it totally develops industrialization, and the people have more opportunity in many things.
In ancient times people are depending with their little and not much develops industrialization but it grows a cities. Then in modern times they develop it and gain more opportunities for the people, it makes things easier.
Urbanization comes with civilization; a term use to describe as a human society with its own social organization and culture. This communities that built ages ago, serves as the root of what we are today. Like in the Ancient Mesopotamian era, wherein the people called Sumer was said to be the ever first community of people ever written in the history. The first Sumerian settlements were farming communities in the region between Tigris and Euphrates, the rivers where the first civilization was born. Like most of the societies today, Sumer has a great city called Ur. In my opinion, even though the knowledge about the surroundings in the Sumer is limited, there is this inevitability formation of a place wherein all trades and major transactions as a civilized group occurs. In comparison today, we all know that every country has its own cities which are the center of commercialization and industry wherein like in the ancient times, is where people strive hard to live and survive. All goes with the other ancient urban communities like India, Egypt and China where all start as a small group of people trying their best to have power and living. Their only difference is their religion wherein their belief focuses on what they see in their surroundings. Also, on the other hand there are also other communities that arise aside from those mentions above that also have their own ways in managing what place and people they rule of. They are in the European regions which are the Classical Greece and Rome or the Medieval Period. For me, the medieval period is the most colorful part of the history because it is where literature and mythology is famous. In comparison with nowadays, I could say that the community before is somewhat has similarities from today. In example is the government wherein there is one ruler and laws are made. In the modern times there is also one supreme ruler which is the President and there are constitutions and laws that are needed to follow. As we all know, urbanization into simple words is the method of creating towns in country area. This dates back at the time of 3000-4000 B.C. which is a very long time ago. But even though it is ages ago, we still manage to adopt and inherit the ways ancient civilizations in a way that in these modern times, those ways are modified and change according to what and how people adopt and survive these days.
What is Urbanization? Why there is Urbanization? Where and when it started? Questions that can lead in analysing the historical perspectives of the growth of urban communities in the world, starting from the ancient community up to the present modern time, various factors can be considered. Urbanization is the process of concentrating people within a relatively small geographic area and related to social change and growth. It is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Back to the ancient and classical period, where cities are served as the defence and the refugee and trading centres, urban areas are controlled by the feudal lords and powerful and known people in the society. In these times force labour is impose. I observe that during these times the countries whose primary means of support is to trade and manufacture goods are the countries that have rapid growth in their Urbanization. In the modern period, technology is one of the vital roles in the Urbanization of an area. Why? Because nowadays, an area or place which has high technology is the area where industrialization grows, in which most of the people dream to live in, industrialized countries have stable economy, where poverty is not a big deal. The culture, beliefs, values and behaviour of an individual in a society changes, it can be determined by the person’s time of existence and the place he/she came from. In my perspective and observations, I can conclude that these are the effects of the Urbanization of an area.
Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008. Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing.
The ancient and medieval cities served as defense and refugee center as well as trading centers. These were probably the products of war and violence (Martindale 1984:14). From the 10th century onwards, urban settlements were more or less self-governing cities controlled by the feudal lords. They did not resume their function as centers of trade and manufacturing until the 5th and 6th centuries, with the onset of the industrial revolution and the growth of mother states. The industrial Revolution altered the nature of the city. Industrialization led to large-scale mechanized production which required big capital. It spurred population growth, migration and concentration of people in cities, and changes in the economic system. The number of specialized jobs and services increased. Industrialization has also its bad effects. With the growth of industries, the demand for raw materials increased, even as the supply of nonrenewable resources such as minerals and fossil oil diminished, along with rapid deforestation and the resultant air and water pollution.
Urbanization or urban drift is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008. My perspective in the growth of urban areas in the world will overcome all the rural areas. For instance,here in the Philippines, Many of the rural areas became an urban zone. We do not know that the rural is the backbone of a certain community, this is where we get our resources in our everyday living. This area has low density and typically much of the land is devoted to agriculture. We do not what we have right now if rural does not exist. In Economics, We describe this as farm to factory, farm means that it came from agriculture. The word to means that this is where the process is going on ,and factory is the urban areas because all the finish products that came to rural are being sent here. This is where we knew new things, new innovation, new technology. As the years gone by more and more urbanization develop and rural has disappeared. The world is more focuses more on urban, they tried to developed it as much as they want, but for me, we should also develop and maintain the rural areas. Because this is where we all begin.
Urban development in the West, especially in England, was brought about by several factors, including: (1) improvements in the transportation, roads, and canals; (2) agricultural innovations and commercialization; (3) the emergence of the factory system with industrial production derived from steam power; (4) infrastructure technology.
As a result, contacts between urban centers and the hinterlands improved, markets were expanded, activities became highly specialized, and migration to the cities was encouraged. The innovations prompted a change in the structure of social organizations, which had to be extended beyond that of family and kin. Other developments were the emergence of more complex social organizations, efficient social and political mechanisms, effective working arrangements, some form of exchange among the emerging specialists, and increased divisions of labor and specialization. Cities also became the major site off politics, with corrupt power seekers and greedy entrepreneurs looking for plunder opportunities (Martindale 1984:29). Cities were also the center of concerts, plays, and other social activities. Since then, cities have grown rapidly. In the 20th century, urban growth was further hastened by technological development. Travel from rural to urban areas became faster, population and industry were reconcentrated, and metropolitan communities emerged.
Some countries like U.K, U.S., the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and Japan are moving toward a saturated urbanization. This is a situation where the population has so diminished that there is little or no migration to the cities. In these countries, the future growth of the cities depends on natural population increase or the balance of births over deaths .
Reference: SOCIOLOGY focus on th philippines 4th edition by Isabel Panopio and Adelisa Raymundo
Urban Perspectives is a collection of monthly reflections about life and faith in the city. Robert Lupton, founder and president of FCS Urban Ministries, offers us personal glimpses and poignant stories of a journey he began more than 30 years ago when he responded to a call of God to live and serve among the urban poor.
A human settlement, or community, is not merely a collection of houses. It is a human (social and cultural) organization. (The houses, which are cultural products of humanity, belong to one of the six dimensions of society or culture, the technological dimension, as explained below).
Also, it is not just a collection of human individuals; it is a socio-cultural system; it is socially organized. This means that you need to know some things about society ─ things learned in sociology.
The community has a life of its own which goes beyond the sum of all the lives of all its residents. As a social organization, a community is cultural. See Culture. That means it is a system of systems, and that it is composed of things that are learned rather than transmitted by genes and chromosomes. All the social or cultural elements of a community, from its technology to its shared beliefs, are transmitted and stored by symbols.
Through most of history, the human population has lived a rural lifestyle, dependent on agriculture and hunting for survival. In 1800, only 3 percent of the world's population lived in urban areas. By 1900, almost 14 percent were urbanites, although only 12 cities had 1 million or more inhabitants. In 1950, 30 percent of the world's population resided in urban centers. The number of cities with over 1 million people had grown to 83.
The world has experienced unprecedented urban growth in recent decades. In 2008, for the first time, the world's population was evenly split between urban and rural areas. There were more than 400 cities over 1 million and 19 over 10 million. More developed nations were about 74 percent urban, while 44 percent of residents of less developed countries lived in urban areas. However, urbanization is occurring rapidly in many less developed countries. It is expected that 70 percent of the world population will be urban by 2050, and that most urban growth will occur in less developed countries.
What is an urban area? An urban area may be defined by the number of residents, the population density, the percent of people not dependent upon agriculture, or the provision of such public utilities and services as electricity and education. Some countries define any place with a population of 2,500 or more as urban; others set a minimum of 20,000. There are no universal standards, and generally each country develops its own set of criteria for distinguishing urban areas. The United States uses a population density measure to define urban with a minimum population requirement of 2,500. The classification of metropolitan includes both urban areas as well as rural areas that are socially and economically integrated with a particular city.
When comparing countries it is often helpful to look beyond the proportion of populations that are rural or urban and instead consider the size of cities. Countries differ markedly in the distribution of their urban population. For example, many urban dwellers in Africa live in cities of fewer than 10,000 residents. In Argentina, 92 percent of the 2007 population was urban, and 32 percent of these people lived in just one city, Buenos Aires. In 2007, 38 percent of the world's urbanites lived in agglomerations of 1 million or more inhabitants, and 15 percent resided in agglomerations of 5 million or more. Only 8 percent of Americans live in cities of 1 million or more.
Migration or Natural Increase
A city grows through natural increase—the excess of births over deaths—and because the in-migration of people from other cities, rural areas, or countries is greater than out-migration. More developed and less developed countries of the world differ not only in the percent living in cities, but also in the way in which urbanization is occurring.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, urbanization resulted from and contributed to industrialization. New job opportunities in the cities spurred the mass movement of surplus population away from the countryside. At the same time, migrants provided cheap, plentiful labor for the emerging factories. While the proportion increased through rural to urban migration, high death rates in the cities slowed urban growth. Cities were unhealthy places because of crowded living conditions, the prevalence of contagious diseases, and the lack of sanitation. Until the mid-1800s, the number of deaths exceeded births in many large European cities. Migration accounted for as much as 90 percent of city growth during this period.
Urbanization in most less developed countries in the past 50 years contrasts sharply with the experience of the more developed countries. Death rates have fallen faster in urban areas because of greater access to health services. Because birth rates are relatively high in most less developed countries, the rates of natural increase are also quite high in cities. Migration also fuels urban growth in less developed countries as people leave the countryside in search of better jobs.
The Urban community as I've traced, started from the Mesopotamia, India, Egypt and China in the ancient times.Greece and Rome during the classical times, Italy, France and Spain during the Medieval and lastly in England during the Modern times Rural communities gathered themselves by creating groups which later on became an urban community.
Urbanization is very interesting. It's funny how countries get urbanized because of them seeing different things that are "new" or "amazing" to their eyes.
Filipinos are one of the most people who migrate in different countries. Due to the "attraction" or as I have said, "new" or "amazing" things to their eyes, Filipinos tend to migrate in other countries.
I think there's no stop in urbanization as long as HUMAN has its decision to choose what they want and to have unlimited wants. As long as theirs wants or goals, it'll be followed or achieved.
URBANIZATION IN A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1. Analysis The urbanization from the ancient civilization starts with the first cities that appeared about five or six thousand years ago in Mesopotamia including Egypt. At that time, Rome was considered the greatest city. As pointed out by Davis (1980:143), the appearance of cities marks a revolutionary change and the beginning of civilization, as these lay the foundation of later-day civilization. In India, lack of sewage facilities including serfdom, slavery, and the caste system was stated. This was the period were crimes like plagues and fire caused a high death rate. The ancient and medieval cities served as defense and refugee center as well as trading centers. (Martindale 1984:14). The industrial Revolution emerged during the period affecting changes in the economic system. Also, there were the crusades, the holy war during the medieval and barbaric times. In the modern period, there urban development in the West, especially in England, some factors were considered including improvements in the transportation, roads, and canals; agricultural innovations and commercialization; the emergence of the factory system with industrial production derived from steam power; and infrastructure technology. Capitalism was restructured on a global scale in World Centers namely: London, New York, Seoul, Los Angeles, Frankfurt, Paris, and Singapore. These world centers act as command and control points for increased economic activities. According to Custelles (1983), “the recognizing of the city is an aspect of the restriction of capitalism on global scale, illustrating the place of urban life in the long line of dependency and exploitation constitutive of world-wide capitalism” (Barkers 2000:299).
2. Realization and Comparison I was lucky to be part of the modern era, here in Asia, specifically the Philippines. There were a lot of happenings which I can say is a product of all those urban changes. Not to mention all those major foreign inheritances and activities that changed our way of living and thinking up to now. Reflections of these are the culture which is derived from Chinese like merchandizing and industrialization. The Spaniards introduced Christianity. We also came from those hard times from which we struggled to be an independent country. We battled for our rights until the present. We have our ups and downs also in the history. On my perspective of the urban development, we also made our role in making our nation civilized democratically. We play a vital role in economy and industrialization throughout the world. It can be seen in importing and exporting processes. 3. Conclusion As long as there are people within a nation’s premise, urbanization would not stop. It is a continuous process. Like the saying goes, “History repeats itself.” There will always be politics. There will be ups and downs that will mark the history books of an urban nation. These ups and downs will vary from how a nation exist and be productive of itself as a part of its modern world. It is a way of living that we cope of these happenings and it is in living differently that differentiates us from other nations.
Urban Expansion began between 5 to 6 thousand years ago with settlements that grew into what we call the river valley civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China. And came later on Europe where people moved from rural areas into cities because of more opportunities are created there for a better life. After the Second World War, the largest and fastest growth in the world's urban population has taken place in the decades. As the world economy became more international and grew in size, cities all over the world began to grow larger very fast. Most of this growth has been concentrated in Asia, Latin America and Africa.
Urbanization in the Philippines also played a main role in making our country to become better but sadly it didn’t happen because of high rates of urban population and low rate of urban growth. Too many people from rural areas are moving to cities believing that more opportunities are waiting there not knowing that urban growth are getting low. And now, cities have high population and because of that people are the problem in our community because they continue relying on cities to have a better living.
Urbanization is not a problem. Urbanization may be the best solution for the future. The problem is not that cities are not good. The problem is that with more and more people relying on the city's services and infrastructure, governments and the society have not managed to keep pace with the demands and the pressures. This world and its cities have the resources to provide for the population. What we need to do is to distribute the resources and use it right.
analysis of the historical perspective of the urban communities fr. the ancient to modern times
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ReplyDeleteWhat is urbanization? What does it done to our world? Urbanization is the process of the growth from rural land to an urban area whereby it becomes a city and also the society becomes more urban in disposition. It is also affects the industrialization of a certain place where it develops and progress their economy by the use of natural resources in their scope or boundary. Also the migration of the people increases because of many opportunities and jobs to have.
ReplyDeleteThe urban community or the urbanization started is the Messopotamia where the rural communities combined themselves to create an urban or a city wherein they get their resources in the surroundings or their scope. As the time passes by, the development of the different countries and their people prosper as they discover new ways on how to create some things/ways in order to make their own resources and also creating their social organization, having their own rulers and workers/human participation to build up the economy and the urbanization. The population in the cities had increased because of the immigrants had the opportunities to work and to have adequate life. Until these development leads to the progression of the religion, literature, road system, different organizations and other things we have today.
As I study and analyse the Historical Perspective of the Urban communities from the ancient to the present (modern), I learned that it has develop in many ways and also its industrialization. The way they carry out their tasks in their community, on how they progress in the later time. I also observe on how they live differently and the change of the immigrants or the population of the area. And by this we have now the modern urban community after all the different stages and still progressing in the future.
Urbanization refers to the transfer of people from rural to urban areas and involves the internalization of urban lifestyle. Urbanization develops from ancient to modern. I can say that what we have today is the result of what we had in the past and base on my analysis there is a big difference in urbanization today.
ReplyDeleteFrom ancient to medieval period, cities became the center of trading. It is also the time where cities serve as defense and refugee center. Growth in population, migration and focus of people in cities and changes in economic system is all because of industrial revolution at that time which I can say is one of the greatest factors in development on Urbanization in ancient. In other hand, as the industries grow, the demands of people also increases which causes a bad effect in the nature because all the materials needed in building cities came from the environment. Industrialization may be a good start in building cities but not a good idea since it may destroy the environment. While in modern period, industrialization like in England was made even better resulting on better social developments between other urban centers. I can say that cities in modern time adopted the way industrialization develops in ancient and there were more opportunities for people living that time.
There may be different factors to consider how Urbanization develops in different cities around the world. As I can see today, cities were more into capitalism. There were many buildings representing the improvements that one city have in terms of entrepreneurship.
Are you wondering how urban communities are greater in number than the rural one and when it is started? First let us define what urban area and urbanization are. An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration.
ReplyDeleteMost of the developing countries like Latin America, Asia and Africa have taken place Urbanization. The earliest cities become visible in the ancient time about 5-6 thousand years ago specifically in Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq), Northwest India in Indus River Valley (West Pakistan), Egypt, and Yellow River basin in China. The cities in the medieval and ancient times served as a refugee and defense centers produced from violence and war. The feudal lords had taken control to it. It also served as trading and manufacturing centers. The growth of industrialization also begun, the demand of nonrenewable raw materials increased in number and fossil oil lessened next to the quick deforestation resulting to different pollutions in air and water. The urban developments have different aspects which include the transportation and road progress, commercialization and agricultural improvement, infrastructure technology and appearance of factory system including the industrial construction from steam power. The manifestation of cities marks a revolutionary change and the start of civilization.
As the world begun, change is the only thing that is permanent in humanity. Urbanization for me is one of the great things that happened in history. With this, central business districts are built and developed. These infrastructures correspond to technological advancement. However, these modernized centers present a good service that catches the attention of the rural communities which made the rural people migrate in the urban area. Through this, rural communities are lessen in number and became less progressive in terms of advancement in technology and development.
Sources: SOCIOLOGY focus on the Philippines 4th edition by Isabel Panopio and Adelisa Raymundo
(www.wikipedia.com)
Urbanization is a very broad topic to deal with. Urbanization is the movement of population from rural to urban areas and the result in increasing proportion of a population that resides in urban rather than rural places in which the people of the rural places believes that residing in urban places will improve their ways of living. Without having a clear knowledge about this they would grab the risk of residing in an urban place. With today’s way of living I can’t imagine how our ancestors survive with their insufficient technology whereas today people’s way of living depends to technology most of the time.
ReplyDeleteFor all we know, people will find their own way them to survive, they gathered plants, fished, and hunted animal, our ancestors could never find sufficient food in a certain area to sustain themselves for an extended period of time. Consequently, they had to keep moving until they could find another place in which they must settle temporarily in order to survive. As technology improves such as simple tools and information on how to farm and raise animals allowed people to settle in one place. However, humans developed such innovations as irrigation. These developments allowed farmers to produce an excess of food beyond their immediate needs resulting surplus of food led some people to make their ways of living like making pottery, weaving, and engaging in other non-agricultural activities that they could sell or exchange with others for the surplus food to increase their income. As a result, people moved off the farms, commerce developed.
For me, urbanization results to different things such as overpopulation to a country because people with different nationality migrate to seek for a job that will make uplift their situation of living. The farms became a village nowadays which in fact can be a source of income for farmers.
URBANIZATION IN A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
ReplyDeleteWhat does urbanization mean?
The English term 'urbanization' has two distinct senses or meanings:
1: the condition of being urbanized;
2: the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban
Archaeologists and historians have long been keenly interested in the emergence of early cities and states in the ancient Near East, particularly in the growth of early Sumerian civilization in the lowlands of Mesopotamia during the second half of the fourth millennium B.C.
For thousand years, southern Mesopotamia was home of hunters, fishers, and farmers, exploiting fertile soil, rivers, and abundant animals. The largest settlement in southern Mesopotamia was Uruk. Uruk is a city dominated by monumental mud-brick buildings decorated with mixture of painted clay cones implanted in the walls. In Asia, cities were formed in Northwest India in the Indus River Valley (present-day West Pakistan) and in the Yellow River basin in China about 2500 BC. Cities Developed in Europe about 2300 BC and the 1900 BC, with Rome as the greatest city. In the New World, cities emerged about 300 BC in Central Mexico.
Urban development in the West, especially in England, was brought about by several factors, including: improvements in the transportation, roads, and canals; agricultural innovations and commercialization; the emergence of the factory system with industrial production derived from steam power; and infrastructure technology. As a result, contacts between urban centers and the hinterlands improved, markets were expanded, activities became highly specialized, and migration to the cities was encouraged. The innovations prompted a change in the structure of social organizations, which had to be extended beyond that of family and kin.
The world has been urbanizing rapidly for a long time and shows every sign for it to continue. More than 40 percent of the world's populations today are urban dwellers. Dramatic urbanization over the past two or three decades has been concentrated in the developing countries, where the urban population has been expanding at twice the rate observed in the countryside In fact, the world's biggest cities have increasingly been in the developing nations, and population concentrations in such urban centers as Mexico City, Sao Paulo, and Shanghai have reached extraordinary levels The rapid growth of cities and their large sizes not- withstanding, the urban share of total population in the developing countries as a whole is less than one-third, compared with more than three-fourths in industrial market economies. Furthermore, the current pace of urbanization in developing countries is not unprecedented: the urban population in some of today's advanced economies grew even faster in the past.
For the conclusion. Growth and development are two distinct matters. Whereas growth refers to the quantitative expansion of the regional economic system, in terms of greater and growing productive capacity, development is essentially “an innovative process leading to the structural transformation of social systems” (Friedman 1973). In this regard, it can be hypothesized that a well-formulated urban development and associated policy could induce economic growth
Reference: The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Early Mesopotamian Civilization
by Guillermo Algaze; An Overview of Urban Growth: Problems, Policies, and Evaluation by George S. Tolley and Vinod Thomas;
Sien B. Aquino I31
Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities.In short, it is a state of being or becoming a community with urban characteristics.
ReplyDeleteDuring the ancient times, the urbanization had started in the Iraq which is the ancient world of mesopotamia. The cities before served as the defense and the refuge centers as well as trading center, in which through trading they can settle their needs by earning some money. As of now, in the time of modern, the urban communities, especially in the West, had established several factors like the improvement of the transportation and roads, the inventation of thechnologies, emergence of the factory and builidng some buildings like the malls. In terms of the environment, I can say that during the ancient times, the environment is peaceful and there is no pollution while during now in the modern times, the environment had change, the cleanliness had turned into a pollution because of the factories. So many things had change now in the modern times. I observed that the cities now had been the center of concerts, plays, and other social activities. Since then, cities have grown rapidly.
I had analyzed that the urban community from ancient to modern had change in so many ways because before the urban community before is simple while the urban community in the modern is more civilize and high tech. Also, the population in the urban communities in the modern times had increased because of the opportunities they have like searching for a job. As time passes by, there are new ways had implemented and many things to discover and invented.
Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration.
ReplyDeleteUrbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing. The urban community or the urbanization started is the Messopotamia where the rural communities combined themselves to create an urban or a city wherein they get their resources in the surroundings or their scope. Industrialization may be a good start in building cities but not a good idea since it may destroy the environment. While in modern period, industrialization like in England was made even better resulting on better social developments between other urban centers.
As I study and analyze the Historical Perspective of the urban communities from the ancient to the present (modern), that the development from rural to urban is very rapid because in the urban a lot of opportunities is available than the rural that why I think most of the in rural is transferring in the urban cities.
Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities. Historically, it has been closely connected with industrialization. When more and more inanimate sources of energy were used to enhance human productivity, surpluses increased in both agriculture and industry. Larger and larger proportions of a population could live in cities. Economic forces were such that cities became the ideal places to locate factories and their workers. Our present way of living is the result of what our ancestors had in the past.
ReplyDeleteIt was started during the ancient times. It is said that these urbanization are a recent development considering that humans exist on earth for about a million years or more. High competition for survival can be also a factor why this development in urbanization started. We all know that during the ancient times, people live to survive; they need to move from one place to another to find their food which is I think resulted to exchange of their resources with other people and later resulted to more development in their way of living like agricultural innovations and commercialization and development in technologies. As a result, markets were expanded, activities became highly specialized and migration to cities was encouraged. These innovations trigger the change in the structure of social organizations. Other development includes the existence of more complex social organizations.
For me, survival is has a big role in the development of urbanizations. Our present way of living is highly influenced by this urbanization that was started by our ancestors and as time passes by, more developments and competitions will occur.
Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities. Historically, it has been closely connected with industrialization. When more and more inanimate sources of energy were used to enhance human productivity (industrialization), surpluses increased in both agriculture and industry. Larger and larger proportions of a population could live in cities. Economic forces were such that cities became the ideal places to locate factories and their workers. Environment and Urbanization aims to provide an effective means for the exchange of research findings, ideas and information in the fields of human settlements and environment among researchers, activists and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in low- and middle-income nations and between these and researchers, international agency staff, students and teachers in high-income nations. E&U is one of the world’s most highly ranked environmental and urban studies journals.
ReplyDeleteThe ancient period is the basic foundation of our present society. Ancient civilizations made significant contributions to today's modern society. Some other contributions of the ancient civilization are Calendars, Hammurabi's code laid the ground work for out laws today, Construction techniques, Farming, types of government, pottery. New ideas and inventions of ancient civilizations were important, but how they evolved and led to new and more complex ideas and inventions are imperative to our society today. There are a plethora of contributions that early civilizations have made to today's society. For instance, the Phoenicians are the originators of the alphabet that we use today in the United States. Additionally, the advances and innovations that Egypt made have greatly assisted our society. Egypt came up with a fantastic political system. Furthermore, Egypt also improved the wheel by altering it. First and foremost, one of the greatest contributions to society is the alphabet that we use today. The Asiatics, Phoenicians, and Greeks all contributed and revised their writing systems to give us our present day alphabet. Without a way to write, we would still be using symbols and pictures to tell stories. These ancient civilizations had fantastic writing systems, and because of this, today, we also do.
From the medieval period, let me suggest what I think are the things that originated that have been most important in shaping the modern ages. I could jump at the obvious ones, and say that probably the most important contribution of medieval period was freedom, equality, constitutional law, the dignity of labor, and the people power. These five things are very useful in our present society.
In conclusion, over time these advancements brought people into a more efficient living environment, allowing for higher population and spread of cultural, political, economic, and social ideals over large geographical areas. Without the alphabet and our government I could not picture society being the same as it is today.
Src: http://archaeology.about.com/od/ancientcivilizations/Ancient_Civilizations.htm
Urbanization is the social process whereby the cities and towns grow bigger and it is where more people go to live. Lot of changes happen from ancient up to modern. As what I can see today, there is a big difference from the past to .the urbanization today.
ReplyDeleteUrbanization began in ancient Mesopotamia in the Uruk Period (4300-3100 BCE) as a particularly wealthy and efficient village attracted the attention of less prosperous tribes who then attached themselves to the successful settlement. This process gave rise to the heavily populated area which came to be known as cities. Cities became the center of trading, in which through this they can resolve their needs. As time goes by, in modern period, lots of changes have been made such us improvement of buildings, transportation and even technology. People’s demands increases which I can say is one that causes a bad effect. As what I can see nowadays, cities became worst than the ancient time. Invented technology causes the area polluted. It may be a good start to build a better city but somewhat a bad idea in the environment.
For me, the urbanization of any ancient city has the best advantage of being seen through our modern day eyes. I could say that somehow modern day has advantages but for me ancient city is better than today. No pollution from cars and factory, lesser population and more organized place. I think modern city may change and grow better than before.
~Francesca Camille T. Alfaro of I31
What is urbanization? Urbanization is the rapid and massive growth of, and migration to, large cities. It is also a social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban.
ReplyDeleteDuring the ancient times, people have hardships in many things but they discover about industrialization and it develops the cities. But because of it, it destroys the nature because they are getting their resources on it. While in the modern time, it totally develops industrialization, and the people have more opportunity in many things.
In ancient times people are depending with their little and not much develops industrialization but it grows a cities. Then in modern times they develop it and gain more opportunities for the people, it makes things easier.
-Foztin Joy T. Palad I31
Urbanization comes with civilization; a term use to describe as a human society with its own social organization and culture. This communities that built ages ago, serves as the root of what we are today. Like in the Ancient Mesopotamian era, wherein the people called Sumer was said to be the ever first community of people ever written in the history. The first Sumerian settlements were farming communities in the region between Tigris and Euphrates, the rivers where the first civilization was born. Like most of the societies today, Sumer has a great city called Ur. In my opinion, even though the knowledge about the surroundings in the Sumer is limited, there is this inevitability formation of a place wherein all trades and major transactions as a civilized group occurs. In comparison today, we all know that every country has its own cities which are the center of commercialization and industry wherein like in the ancient times, is where people strive hard to live and survive. All goes with the other ancient urban communities like India, Egypt and China where all start as a small group of people trying their best to have power and living. Their only difference is their religion wherein their belief focuses on what they see in their surroundings.
ReplyDeleteAlso, on the other hand there are also other communities that arise aside from those mentions above that also have their own ways in managing what place and people they rule of. They are in the European regions which are the Classical Greece and Rome or the Medieval Period. For me, the medieval period is the most colorful part of the history because it is where literature and mythology is famous. In comparison with nowadays, I could say that the community before is somewhat has similarities from today. In example is the government wherein there is one ruler and laws are made. In the modern times there is also one supreme ruler which is the President and there are constitutions and laws that are needed to follow.
As we all know, urbanization into simple words is the method of creating towns in country area. This dates back at the time of 3000-4000 B.C. which is a very long time ago. But even though it is ages ago, we still manage to adopt and inherit the ways ancient civilizations in a way that in these modern times, those ways are modified and change according to what and how people adopt and survive these days.
-Ma. Maricris A. Calimag
What is Urbanization? Why there is Urbanization? Where and when it started? Questions that can lead in analysing the historical perspectives of the growth of urban communities in the world, starting from the ancient community up to the present modern time, various factors can be considered. Urbanization is the process of concentrating people within a relatively small geographic area and related to social change and growth. It is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change.
ReplyDeleteBack to the ancient and classical period, where cities are served as the defence and the refugee and trading centres, urban areas are controlled by the feudal lords and powerful and known people in the society. In these times force labour is impose. I observe that during these times the countries whose primary means of support is to trade and manufacture goods are the countries that have rapid growth in their Urbanization. In the modern period, technology is one of the vital roles in the Urbanization of an area. Why? Because nowadays, an area or place which has high technology is the area where industrialization grows, in which most of the people dream to live in, industrialized countries have stable economy, where poverty is not a big deal.
The culture, beliefs, values and behaviour of an individual in a society changes, it can be determined by the person’s time of existence and the place he/she came from. In my perspective and observations, I can conclude that these are the effects of the Urbanization of an area.
Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008.
ReplyDeleteUrbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing.
The ancient and medieval cities served as defense and refugee center as well as trading centers. These were probably the products of war and violence (Martindale 1984:14). From the 10th century onwards, urban settlements were more or less self-governing cities controlled by the feudal lords. They did not resume their function as centers of trade and manufacturing until the 5th and 6th centuries, with the onset of the industrial revolution and the growth of mother states. The industrial Revolution altered the nature of the city. Industrialization led to large-scale mechanized production which required big capital. It spurred population growth, migration and concentration of people in cities, and changes in the economic system. The number of specialized jobs and services increased. Industrialization has also its bad effects. With the growth of industries, the demand for raw materials increased, even as the supply of nonrenewable resources such as minerals and fossil oil diminished, along with rapid deforestation and the resultant air and water pollution.
-Walter B. Ragaza
Urbanization or urban drift is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008.
ReplyDeleteMy perspective in the growth of urban areas in the world will overcome all the rural areas. For instance,here in the Philippines, Many of the rural areas became an urban zone. We do not know that the rural is the backbone of a certain community, this is where we get our resources in our everyday living. This area has low density and typically much of the land is devoted to agriculture. We do not what we have right now if rural does not exist. In Economics, We describe this as farm to factory, farm means that it came from agriculture. The word to means that this is where the process is going on ,and factory is the urban areas because all the finish products that came to rural are being sent here. This is where we knew new things, new innovation, new technology.
As the years gone by more and more urbanization develop and rural has disappeared. The world is more focuses more on urban, they tried to developed it as much as they want, but for me, we should also develop and maintain the rural areas. Because this is where we all begin.
Urban development in the West, especially in England, was brought about by several factors, including:
ReplyDelete(1) improvements in the transportation, roads, and canals;
(2) agricultural innovations and commercialization;
(3) the emergence of the factory system with industrial production derived from steam power;
(4) infrastructure technology.
As a result, contacts between urban centers and the hinterlands improved, markets were expanded, activities became highly specialized, and migration to the cities was encouraged. The innovations prompted a change in the structure of social organizations, which had to be extended beyond that of family and kin. Other developments were the emergence of more complex social organizations, efficient social and political mechanisms, effective working arrangements, some form of exchange among the emerging specialists, and increased divisions of labor and specialization. Cities also became the major site off politics, with corrupt power seekers and greedy entrepreneurs looking for plunder opportunities (Martindale 1984:29). Cities were also the center of concerts, plays, and other social activities. Since then, cities have grown rapidly. In the 20th century, urban growth was further hastened by technological development. Travel from rural to urban areas became faster, population and industry were reconcentrated, and metropolitan communities emerged.
Some countries like U.K, U.S., the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and Japan are moving toward a saturated urbanization. This is a situation where the population has so diminished that there is little or no migration to the cities. In these countries, the future growth of the cities depends on natural population increase or the balance of births over deaths .
Reference: SOCIOLOGY focus on th philippines 4th edition by Isabel Panopio and Adelisa Raymundo
-Regine Miranda
Urban Perspectives is a collection of monthly reflections about life and faith in the city. Robert Lupton, founder and president of FCS Urban Ministries, offers us personal glimpses and poignant stories of a journey he began more than 30 years ago when he responded to a call of God to live and serve among the urban poor.
ReplyDeleteA human settlement, or community, is not merely a collection of houses. It is a human (social and cultural) organization. (The houses, which are cultural products of humanity, belong to one of the six dimensions of society or culture, the technological dimension, as explained below).
Also, it is not just a collection of human individuals; it is a socio-cultural system; it is socially organized. This means that you need to know some things about society ─ things learned in sociology.
The community has a life of its own which goes beyond the sum of all the lives of all its residents. As a social organization, a community is cultural. See Culture. That means it is a system of systems, and that it is composed of things that are learned rather than transmitted by genes and chromosomes. All the social or cultural elements of a community, from its technology to its shared beliefs, are transmitted and stored by symbols.
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ReplyDeleteThrough most of history, the human population has lived a rural lifestyle, dependent on agriculture and hunting for survival. In 1800, only 3 percent of the world's population lived in urban areas. By 1900, almost 14 percent were urbanites, although only 12 cities had 1 million or more inhabitants. In 1950, 30 percent of the world's population resided in urban centers. The number of cities with over 1 million people had grown to 83.
ReplyDeleteThe world has experienced unprecedented urban growth in recent decades. In 2008, for the first time, the world's population was evenly split between urban and rural areas. There were more than 400 cities over 1 million and 19 over 10 million. More developed nations were about 74 percent urban, while 44 percent of residents of less developed countries lived in urban areas. However, urbanization is occurring rapidly in many less developed countries. It is expected that 70 percent of the world population will be urban by 2050, and that most urban growth will occur in less developed countries.
What is an urban area? An urban area may be defined by the number of residents, the population density, the percent of people not dependent upon agriculture, or the provision of such public utilities and services as electricity and education. Some countries define any place with a population of 2,500 or more as urban; others set a minimum of 20,000. There are no universal standards, and generally each country develops its own set of criteria for distinguishing urban areas. The United States uses a population density measure to define urban with a minimum population requirement of 2,500. The classification of metropolitan includes both urban areas as well as rural areas that are socially and economically integrated with a particular city.
When comparing countries it is often helpful to look beyond the proportion of populations that are rural or urban and instead consider the size of cities. Countries differ markedly in the distribution of their urban population. For example, many urban dwellers in Africa live in cities of fewer than 10,000 residents. In Argentina, 92 percent of the 2007 population was urban, and 32 percent of these people lived in just one city, Buenos Aires. In 2007, 38 percent of the world's urbanites lived in agglomerations of 1 million or more inhabitants, and 15 percent resided in agglomerations of 5 million or more. Only 8 percent of Americans live in cities of 1 million or more.
Migration or Natural Increase
A city grows through natural increase—the excess of births over deaths—and because the in-migration of people from other cities, rural areas, or countries is greater than out-migration. More developed and less developed countries of the world differ not only in the percent living in cities, but also in the way in which urbanization is occurring.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, urbanization resulted from and contributed to industrialization. New job opportunities in the cities spurred the mass movement of surplus population away from the countryside. At the same time, migrants provided cheap, plentiful labor for the emerging factories. While the proportion increased through rural to urban migration, high death rates in the cities slowed urban growth. Cities were unhealthy places because of crowded living conditions, the prevalence of contagious diseases, and the lack of sanitation. Until the mid-1800s, the number of deaths exceeded births in many large European cities. Migration accounted for as much as 90 percent of city growth during this period.
Urbanization in most less developed countries in the past 50 years contrasts sharply with the experience of the more developed countries. Death rates have fallen faster in urban areas because of greater access to health services. Because birth rates are relatively high in most less developed countries, the rates of natural increase are also quite high in cities. Migration also fuels urban growth in less developed countries as people leave the countryside in search of better jobs.
The Urban community as I've traced, started from the Mesopotamia, India, Egypt and China in the ancient times.Greece and Rome during the classical times, Italy, France and Spain during the Medieval and lastly in England during the Modern times Rural communities gathered themselves by creating groups which later on became an urban community.
ReplyDeleteUrbanization is very interesting. It's funny how countries get urbanized because of them seeing different things that are "new" or "amazing" to their eyes.
Filipinos are one of the most people who migrate in different countries. Due to the "attraction" or as I have said, "new" or "amazing" things to their eyes, Filipinos tend to migrate in other countries.
I think there's no stop in urbanization as long as HUMAN has its decision to choose what they want and to have unlimited wants. As long as theirs wants or goals, it'll be followed or achieved.
-Melissa Balaccua
URBANIZATION IN A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
ReplyDelete1. Analysis
The urbanization from the ancient civilization starts with the first cities that appeared about five or six thousand years ago in Mesopotamia including Egypt. At that time, Rome was considered the greatest city. As pointed out by Davis (1980:143), the appearance of cities marks a revolutionary change and the beginning of civilization, as these lay the foundation of later-day civilization.
In India, lack of sewage facilities including serfdom, slavery, and the caste system was stated. This was the period were crimes like plagues and fire caused a high death rate. The ancient and medieval cities served as defense and refugee center as well as trading centers. (Martindale 1984:14). The industrial Revolution emerged during the period affecting changes in the economic system. Also, there were the crusades, the holy war during the medieval and barbaric times.
In the modern period, there urban development in the West, especially in England, some factors were considered including improvements in the transportation, roads, and canals; agricultural innovations and commercialization; the emergence of the factory system with industrial production derived from steam power; and infrastructure technology.
Capitalism was restructured on a global scale in World Centers namely: London, New York, Seoul, Los Angeles, Frankfurt, Paris, and Singapore. These world centers act as command and control points for increased economic activities. According to Custelles (1983), “the recognizing of the city is an aspect of the restriction of capitalism on global scale, illustrating the place of urban life in the long line of dependency and exploitation constitutive of world-wide capitalism” (Barkers 2000:299).
2. Realization and Comparison
I was lucky to be part of the modern era, here in Asia, specifically the Philippines. There were a lot of happenings which I can say is a product of all those urban changes. Not to mention all those major foreign inheritances and activities that changed our way of living and thinking up to now. Reflections of these are the culture which is derived from Chinese like merchandizing and industrialization. The Spaniards introduced Christianity. We also came from those hard times from which we struggled to be an independent country. We battled for our rights until the present. We have our ups and downs also in the history. On my perspective of the urban development, we also made our role in making our nation civilized democratically. We play a vital role in economy and industrialization throughout the world. It can be seen in importing and exporting processes.
3. Conclusion
As long as there are people within a nation’s premise, urbanization would not stop. It is a continuous process. Like the saying goes, “History repeats itself.” There will always be politics. There will be ups and downs that will mark the history books of an urban nation. These ups and downs will vary from how a nation exist and be productive of itself as a part of its modern world. It is a way of living that we cope of these happenings and it is in living differently that differentiates us from other nations.
Urban Expansion began between 5 to 6 thousand years ago with settlements that grew into what we call the river valley civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China. And came later on Europe where people moved from rural areas into cities because of more opportunities are created there for a better life. After the Second World War, the largest and fastest growth in the world's urban population has taken place in the decades. As the world economy became more international and grew in size, cities all over the world began to grow larger very fast. Most of this growth has been concentrated in Asia, Latin America and Africa.
ReplyDeleteUrbanization in the Philippines also played a main role in making our country to become better but sadly it didn’t happen because of high rates of urban population and low rate of urban growth. Too many people from rural areas are moving to cities believing that more opportunities are waiting there not knowing that urban growth are getting low. And now, cities have high population and because of that people are the problem in our community because they continue relying on cities to have a better living.
Urbanization is not a problem. Urbanization may be the best solution for the future. The problem is not that cities are not good. The problem is that with more and more people relying on the city's services and infrastructure, governments and the society have not managed to
keep pace with the demands and the pressures. This world and its cities have the
resources to provide for the population. What we need to do is to distribute the resources and use it right.